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[PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
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* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
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 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
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 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
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 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
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 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
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 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
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 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
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 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
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 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
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 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
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 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
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 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
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 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
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 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
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 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
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 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
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 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
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 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
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 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
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 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
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 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
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 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
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 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
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 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
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 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
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 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
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 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
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 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
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 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
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 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
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 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz
Content-Type: text/x-patch
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v3-0002-Error-out-if-one-iteration-of-non-direct-DML-affe.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table
@ 2025-07-15 10:45  Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-15 10:45 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This
happens because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work
on. Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So
DML statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up
affecting more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be
affected.

This commit adds testcases to show the problem. A subsequent commit
would have a fix to the problem.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFjFpRfcgwsHRmpvoOK-GUQi-n8MgAS%2BOxcQo%3DaBDn1COywmcg%4...

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++
 contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql     |  58 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 2185b42bb4f..62019eaa881 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8954,6 +8954,131 @@ drop foreign table remt2;
 drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+                                                   QUERY PLAN                                                    
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.a SET aa = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'zzzz'::text ELSE NULL::text END, ctid, fa.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a WHERE ((aa = 'aaa')) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
+----------+-------+------
+ fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+                                                  QUERY PLAN                                                   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fa
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.a WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fa
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fa.aa = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 'aaa'::text ELSE 'bbb'::text END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT aa, ctid FROM public.a FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | bbb
+(1 row)
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to table b
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+                                           QUERY PLAN                                            
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Update on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: UPDATE public.plt SET b = $2 WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 10 ELSE 20 END, ctid, fplt.*
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, b, ctid FROM public.plt WHERE ((a = 1)) FOR UPDATE
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
+----------+-------+---+----
+ fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
+
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+                                         QUERY PLAN                                          
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Delete on public.fplt
+   Remote SQL: DELETE FROM public.plt WHERE ctid = $1
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.fplt
+         Output: ctid
+         Filter: (fplt.a = CASE WHEN (random() <= '1'::double precision) THEN 1 ELSE 10 END)
+         Remote SQL: SELECT a, ctid FROM public.plt FOR UPDATE
+(6 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index e534b40de3c..ae3777b7edb 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -2494,6 +2494,64 @@ drop table loct1;
 drop table loct2;
 drop table parent;
 
+-- test DML statement on a foreign table pointing to an inheritance hierarchy
+-- on the remote server
+CREATE TABLE a(aa TEXT);
+ALTER TABLE a SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+CREATE TABLE b() INHERITS(a);
+ALTER TABLE b SET (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fa (aa TEXT) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'a');
+
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+-- repopulate tables so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE a, b;
+INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
+INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
+
+-- cleanup
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
+DROP TABLE a CASCADE;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- test foreign table pointing to a remote partitioned table
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- test DML statement on foreign table pointing to a foreign partitioned table
+CREATE TABLE plt (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST(a);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p1 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (1);
+CREATE TABLE plt_p2 PARTITION OF plt FOR VALUES IN (2);
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+CREATE FOREIGN TABLE fplt (a int, b int) SERVER loopback OPTIONS (table_name 'plt');
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- use random() so that DML statement is not pushed down to the foreign
+-- server
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+-- repopulate partitioned table so that we have rows with same ctid
+TRUNCATE plt;
+INSERT INTO plt VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2);
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
+
+DROP TABLE plt;
+DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
+
 -- ===================================================================
 -- test tuple routing for foreign-table partitions
 -- ===================================================================
-- 
2.50.0


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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 1/7] Make index_concurrently_create_copy more general
@ 2026-03-24 18:02  Álvaro Herrera <alvherre@kurilemu.de>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Álvaro Herrera @ 2026-03-24 18:02 UTC (permalink / raw)

Add a 'boolean concurrent' option, and make it work for both cases.
Also rename it to index_create_copy.

This allows it to be reused for other purposes -- specifically, for
REPACK CONCURRENTLY.

With the CONCURRENTLY option, REPACK cannot simply swap the heap file and
rebuild its indexes. Instead, it needs to build a separate set of indexes
(including system catalog entries) *before* the actual swap, to reduce the
time AccessExclusiveLock needs to be held for.  This approach is
different from what CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY does.

Per a suggestion from Mihail Nikalayeu.

Author: Antonin Houska <ah@cybertec.at>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/41104.1754922120@localhost
---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c      | 39 +++++++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/commands/indexcmds.c | 15 +++++++-----
 src/backend/nodes/makefuncs.c    |  9 ++++----
 src/include/catalog/index.h      |  7 +++---
 src/include/nodes/makefuncs.h    |  4 +++-
 5 files changed, 43 insertions(+), 31 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 1ccfa687f05..b86ad73c626 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -1289,17 +1289,17 @@ index_create(Relation heapRelation,
 }
 
 /*
- * index_concurrently_create_copy
+ * index_create_copy
  *
- * Create concurrently an index based on the definition of the one provided by
- * caller.  The index is inserted into catalogs and needs to be built later
- * on.  This is called during concurrent reindex processing.
+ * Create an index based on the definition of the one provided by caller.  The
+ * index is inserted into catalogs. If 'concurrently' is TRUE, it needs to be
+ * built later on; otherwise it's built immediately.
  *
  * "tablespaceOid" is the tablespace to use for this index.
  */
 Oid
-index_concurrently_create_copy(Relation heapRelation, Oid oldIndexId,
-							   Oid tablespaceOid, const char *newName)
+index_create_copy(Relation heapRelation, bool concurrently,
+				  Oid oldIndexId, Oid tablespaceOid, const char *newName)
 {
 	Relation	indexRelation;
 	IndexInfo  *oldInfo,
@@ -1318,6 +1318,7 @@ index_concurrently_create_copy(Relation heapRelation, Oid oldIndexId,
 	List	   *indexColNames = NIL;
 	List	   *indexExprs = NIL;
 	List	   *indexPreds = NIL;
+	int			flags = 0;
 
 	indexRelation = index_open(oldIndexId, RowExclusiveLock);
 
@@ -1328,7 +1329,7 @@ index_concurrently_create_copy(Relation heapRelation, Oid oldIndexId,
 	 * Concurrent build of an index with exclusion constraints is not
 	 * supported.
 	 */
-	if (oldInfo->ii_ExclusionOps != NULL)
+	if (oldInfo->ii_ExclusionOps != NULL && concurrently)
 		ereport(ERROR,
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
 				 errmsg("concurrent index creation for exclusion constraints is not supported")));
@@ -1384,9 +1385,7 @@ index_concurrently_create_copy(Relation heapRelation, Oid oldIndexId,
 	}
 
 	/*
-	 * Build the index information for the new index.  Note that rebuild of
-	 * indexes with exclusion constraints is not supported, hence there is no
-	 * need to fill all the ii_Exclusion* fields.
+	 * Build the index information for the new index.
 	 */
 	newInfo = makeIndexInfo(oldInfo->ii_NumIndexAttrs,
 							oldInfo->ii_NumIndexKeyAttrs,
@@ -1395,10 +1394,13 @@ index_concurrently_create_copy(Relation heapRelation, Oid oldIndexId,
 							indexPreds,
 							oldInfo->ii_Unique,
 							oldInfo->ii_NullsNotDistinct,
-							false,	/* not ready for inserts */
-							true,
+							!concurrently,	/* isready */
+							concurrently,	/* concurrent */
 							indexRelation->rd_indam->amsummarizing,
-							oldInfo->ii_WithoutOverlaps);
+							oldInfo->ii_WithoutOverlaps,
+							oldInfo->ii_ExclusionOps,
+							oldInfo->ii_ExclusionProcs,
+							oldInfo->ii_ExclusionStrats);
 
 	/*
 	 * Extract the list of column names and the column numbers for the new
@@ -1436,6 +1438,9 @@ index_concurrently_create_copy(Relation heapRelation, Oid oldIndexId,
 		stattargets[i].isnull = isnull;
 	}
 
+	if (concurrently)
+		flags = INDEX_CREATE_SKIP_BUILD | INDEX_CREATE_CONCURRENT;
+
 	/*
 	 * Now create the new index.
 	 *
@@ -1459,7 +1464,7 @@ index_concurrently_create_copy(Relation heapRelation, Oid oldIndexId,
 							  indcoloptions->values,
 							  stattargets,
 							  reloptionsDatum,
-							  INDEX_CREATE_SKIP_BUILD | INDEX_CREATE_CONCURRENT,
+							  flags,
 							  0,
 							  true, /* allow table to be a system catalog? */
 							  false,	/* is_internal? */
@@ -2453,7 +2458,8 @@ BuildIndexInfo(Relation index)
 					   indexStruct->indisready,
 					   false,
 					   index->rd_indam->amsummarizing,
-					   indexStruct->indisexclusion && indexStruct->indisunique);
+					   indexStruct->indisexclusion && indexStruct->indisunique,
+					   NULL, NULL, NULL);
 
 	/* fill in attribute numbers */
 	for (i = 0; i < numAtts; i++)
@@ -2513,7 +2519,8 @@ BuildDummyIndexInfo(Relation index)
 					   indexStruct->indisready,
 					   false,
 					   index->rd_indam->amsummarizing,
-					   indexStruct->indisexclusion && indexStruct->indisunique);
+					   indexStruct->indisexclusion && indexStruct->indisunique,
+					   NULL, NULL, NULL);
 
 	/* fill in attribute numbers */
 	for (i = 0; i < numAtts; i++)
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/indexcmds.c b/src/backend/commands/indexcmds.c
index 373e8234794..4a2d21915b1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/indexcmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/indexcmds.c
@@ -244,7 +244,8 @@ CheckIndexCompatible(Oid oldId,
 	 */
 	indexInfo = makeIndexInfo(numberOfAttributes, numberOfAttributes,
 							  accessMethodId, NIL, NIL, false, false,
-							  false, false, amsummarizing, isWithoutOverlaps);
+							  false, false, amsummarizing, isWithoutOverlaps,
+							  NULL, NULL, NULL);
 	typeIds = palloc_array(Oid, numberOfAttributes);
 	collationIds = palloc_array(Oid, numberOfAttributes);
 	opclassIds = palloc_array(Oid, numberOfAttributes);
@@ -931,7 +932,8 @@ DefineIndex(ParseState *pstate,
 							  !concurrent,
 							  concurrent,
 							  amissummarizing,
-							  stmt->iswithoutoverlaps);
+							  stmt->iswithoutoverlaps,
+							  NULL, NULL, NULL);
 
 	typeIds = palloc_array(Oid, numberOfAttributes);
 	collationIds = palloc_array(Oid, numberOfAttributes);
@@ -3989,10 +3991,11 @@ ReindexRelationConcurrently(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid relationOid, const Rein
 			tablespaceid = indexRel->rd_rel->reltablespace;
 
 		/* Create new index definition based on given index */
-		newIndexId = index_concurrently_create_copy(heapRel,
-													idx->indexId,
-													tablespaceid,
-													concurrentName);
+		newIndexId = index_create_copy(heapRel,
+									   true,
+									   idx->indexId,
+									   tablespaceid,
+									   concurrentName);
 
 		/*
 		 * Now open the relation of the new index, a session-level lock is
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/makefuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/makefuncs.c
index 3cd35c5c457..8d23aa917e5 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/makefuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/makefuncs.c
@@ -834,7 +834,8 @@ IndexInfo *
 makeIndexInfo(int numattrs, int numkeyattrs, Oid amoid, List *expressions,
 			  List *predicates, bool unique, bool nulls_not_distinct,
 			  bool isready, bool concurrent, bool summarizing,
-			  bool withoutoverlaps)
+			  bool withoutoverlaps, Oid *exclusion_ops, Oid *exclusion_procs,
+			  uint16 *exclusion_strats)
 {
 	IndexInfo  *n = makeNode(IndexInfo);
 
@@ -863,9 +864,9 @@ makeIndexInfo(int numattrs, int numkeyattrs, Oid amoid, List *expressions,
 	n->ii_PredicateState = NULL;
 
 	/* exclusion constraints */
-	n->ii_ExclusionOps = NULL;
-	n->ii_ExclusionProcs = NULL;
-	n->ii_ExclusionStrats = NULL;
+	n->ii_ExclusionOps = exclusion_ops;
+	n->ii_ExclusionProcs = exclusion_procs;
+	n->ii_ExclusionStrats = exclusion_strats;
 
 	/* speculative inserts */
 	n->ii_UniqueOps = NULL;
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/index.h b/src/include/catalog/index.h
index a38e95bc0eb..ed9e4c37d27 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/index.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/index.h
@@ -101,10 +101,9 @@ extern Oid	index_create(Relation heapRelation,
 #define	INDEX_CONSTR_CREATE_REMOVE_OLD_DEPS	(1 << 4)
 #define	INDEX_CONSTR_CREATE_WITHOUT_OVERLAPS (1 << 5)
 
-extern Oid	index_concurrently_create_copy(Relation heapRelation,
-										   Oid oldIndexId,
-										   Oid tablespaceOid,
-										   const char *newName);
+extern Oid	index_create_copy(Relation heapRelation, bool concurrently,
+							  Oid oldIndexId, Oid tablespaceOid,
+							  const char *newName);
 
 extern void index_concurrently_build(Oid heapRelationId,
 									 Oid indexRelationId);
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/makefuncs.h b/src/include/nodes/makefuncs.h
index bf54d39feb0..40ec249a7a1 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/makefuncs.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/makefuncs.h
@@ -99,7 +99,9 @@ extern IndexInfo *makeIndexInfo(int numattrs, int numkeyattrs, Oid amoid,
 								List *expressions, List *predicates,
 								bool unique, bool nulls_not_distinct,
 								bool isready, bool concurrent,
-								bool summarizing, bool withoutoverlaps);
+								bool summarizing, bool withoutoverlaps,
+								Oid *exclusion_ops, Oid *exclusion_procs,
+								uint16 *exclusion_strats);
 
 extern Node *makeStringConst(char *str, int location);
 extern DefElem *makeDefElem(char *name, Node *arg, int location);
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v48-0002-Give-options-parameter-to-table_delete-table_upd.patch"



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2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
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2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
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2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
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2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
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2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
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2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
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2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-15 10:45 [PATCH v3 1/2] Test exposing bug when foreign table points to a partitioned table Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2026-03-24 18:02 [PATCH v48 1/7] Make index_concurrently_create_copy more general Álvaro Herrera <alvherre@kurilemu.de>

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